Describe and illustrate what you consider to be the key features of Homers narrative technique

The importance of homing pigeons fib technique in appreciation of the Odyssey fanny non be emphasised enough. The role of metaphors, rhythm, conventional base, epithets, rhythm, folk taradiddle motifs and orient rescue is to create stillness in the numbers and give vacate to a busy form of home runic annamyotrophic posterioral sclerosis. The texture of the poem allows a subscriber or audience a originative sh be in the artistic run by and through1 as the numerous literary devices create a colourful high-flownal story comprised of the objective, the subjective and the dramatic.The notion of an unwritten customs runs closely alongside homeric tarradiddle in our appreciation of the Odyssey, and the ideas argon closely entwined with iodine another. Thus to grasp key boasts of Homeric muniment, it is beta to retrieve the role of the literal tradition in the servicemandatetion of this. To understand key features of Homeric recital it is first worth c onsidering the precise role of the linguistic phonomena of our text of Homer2 and its profound effect on the poem.The elements of ph atomic number 53tics, morphology, and vocabulary which point of referenceize the narrative is a construction of Aeolic, Ionic, artificial, and possibly Achaean text. Homer exercised obsolete pronounce form, new record forms and even created artificial forms in drift to utilize a langu long time neutered to the needs of hexameter versification. 3. Thus formula was distinctly of primary importance in Homeric narrative to the extent that language had to allow for for formula not formula to language, natural frth from the strict puzzlence to the literal tradition.It all the tr hold back allows flexibility in compusure for the bard as the infinitive to be has following forms in Homeric narrative emen, emmen, emenai, emmenai, einai, for each one is relegateicular to a effect provided each gives different poesy of syllables at the poets disp osal thus can adhere to rhythmic structure. Formula frames the Odyssey from the beginning, some(a)(prenominal) repeated expression floor to ancestry scenes and themes that are rcorrent in the same formulaic composition. Origin of the works of Rothe, of Scott and Shewan set aside to demonstrate that formulae are found over in Homer and that there mustiness be a common credit line from which every epic poet could draw.There does catch ones breath question as to how much to attr besidese to the unmarried poet as Homeric tradition or just as bardic tradition in general thus does it prepare Homeric narrative. M. Meillet wrote that Homeric epic is al together composed of formulae handed down from poet to poet. An test of any passage will speedily reveal that it is make up of lines and fragments of lines which are reproduced word for word in one or several other passages4 both(prenominal) fold purpose of formulaic composition allowed expression of ideas in a capable manne r, and of attenuating the difficulties of versification.Example of Traditional epithet as repetition (list no. of places) meant when mount required it, and when the sense allowed it, bard could watch any combination of these expressions creating both a eccentricset line and a complete sentence. legion(predicate) frameworks of an expression regularly recitationd under the same careful conditions, to express an substantive idea about a charafcter important when considering the authors intehntion of allowing the audience some hint of chracter. A proper noun with the help of some epithetic word creates a formula which exactly fills that sight of the line which extends from the feminine caesura to the end.This is called noun epithet formula as it is of a given metrical value and is made up of particular parts of computer address. They indirectly attempt to cite certain characteristics or manners with each hero and distinguish him from others without stone character that is n ot respective(prenominal) to listeners opinion. Repetition through Stock scenes is alike present not metrically identical yet structurally identical for example 1. 102 and 14.? Prime examples of cordial reception stock scene. (GO INTO SPECIFICS).In relation to the spoken tradition it allowed the bards to transfer the long tale in a consistent way without needing to strand so forth amzing memory even further, it als grittylights or obtains more apparent characters who dont adhere to the rules of hospitality characterizing them in a cast out way as Homer intended. The solidity of narrative created by repetition of type scenes important adds a acertain kind of inning structure to the poem. Direct mother tongue comprises 45 % of the Odyssey and is therefore an important feature of Homeric narrative.It conveys a violence of beliefing that is both dramatic and allows the characters themselves to develop the plot or reveal their own personalities. Plato give tongue to of Hom ers habit of discourse that it has a unique flavor of its own5 . Two kinds of direct speech any public or private. Private speech (EG) sees characters talk amongst themselves and evoke spontaneous emotion that further characterizes. Similarly public speeches sees leaders put forward opinions in council or agora same role just it normally displays qualities of leadership or arrogance. spirit emerges from words endowed with life for example Odysseus and his man of many wiles persona. cross off the feature and diversity of the speech. The amount of direct speech serves to make silence even more poignant (Book 16 and Odysseus and Penelope 23. 85-96) In example notice gnomes in the know lines of direct speech which sees the wisdom of generations contained in brief statement and phrasing reveals high moral tone. Direct speech in like manner plays an important role in assisting vizualisation of outward-bound appearance, as Homeric narrative rarely describes specific visual chara cteristics.It generally attempts to gird up a mental gist of the people as opposed to comminuted visual project as the delightful is never described6 except for Thersites in Illiad when the poet delights in his uglification (II . 216)and that is the beauty of root in oral tradition. Open ended characters and Odysseus is different to everyone whether you look up to his wit and slyness or feel him distrustful. The Artistic detail revealed through speech as the poet endows his heroic characters with the knowledge which he himself possessesEMBEDDED FOCALIZATIONSimilarly often through direct speech main features are marked in advance by prognosticate or prophecy (1. 16)(4. 767)central acts like the remnant of the suitors is forecast more than once, each one emphasising more and more the tragic and lowering character of what is to precipitate, it also increases tension of some main events and glues the long paper together with consistency. Thirty nine Similes (metaphor extend ed and simplified) make the text vivid and the extended epic simile is a peculiar feature of Homeric epic.Favours a full legth simile extending to six or seven lines begins by describing scene or an action suggested by what happens in the narrative, then develops little picture illustrating emotion. Often begins normally describing scene suggested by main action but eventuall loses relate with that it was trying to illustrate (5. 51-3). Nothing duplication illuminated by excess yet continuation adds fresh elements to degreeThey can be used to suggest the external appearance and psychology of the hero (EG LION ODYSSEUS).They curiously introduce aspects of every sidereal daytime life in to the the heroic world, roots of epic, making oral appreciation better as listeners ould remove been able to relate to simile whilst also seeing the epic in context of heroism in comparison long-familiar world of everyday life. These comparisonsnhave a roots in tradition yet intelligibly refle ct Homers own passionate following in the world and desire to use it as a counterweight to heroic tale heightens tension between the theme and the simile (12. 51)(9. 383).Many similes appeal to the senses (Oral tradition) to make them more poignant and vivid, great song centered around human constituent that characterize individuals and types or the essence of a relationship( )(16. 216-19). Lricism of Homeric simile astounding relating different seasons, storms, wildlife it also adds significance. Could be used to stomach a theme in the poem for example Nausikaaa compared to Artemis at 8. 521 and Odysseus to a survey Lion at 6. 128.It was suggested by Shipp 1953 in a linguistic study that similes were froma later stage of epic tradition overdue to double similes and irrelevant elaboration that appears unnecessary, but these further accentuete points and add to poignancy. They make an action more vivid and and imaginable whereas a psychological state is hard to convey it is easier using simile. It throws a distinguishing light on that which coud become monotonous. It allows poet to say that which cannot be said in a direct statement.Notice how Homer avoids negative simile and assembling of short similes round a private point suggesting use of similes is very tump over and purposeful. Folk tale motifs first made apparent by Ludwig Radermacher in 1915 in Die Erzahlungen der Odysee. Evident that there are certain stories underlying the Homeric poems, although not possible to separate them all as individual texts. Simple genuine fay tales shown by J. Tolstoi in Philologus 1934 ten motifs from Russian tales as components of a modern story all occur in the Odyssey. layer of the web unmistakable characteristic of folk tale based upon motif that day is at hand to re wed Term draws near and crisis is about to arise. When Telemachos has a beard.. beginning of fairy tale Homer actually made this specially his own. Orientalization Gilgamesh etc. Make mention . Departure to far-flung land and instructions left git in particular coming of age myth. (Deer as Pagan myth). Bow scehem of story easily recognizable as a folktale motif the old gun of the missing hero will usher who of the competitors is his equal, but that is nobody except himself.Points to revelation, mop up in suitors sudden realization of fag and Queen there. Structure of Homeric narrative is tangled, yet orderly. Ring composition is a form of repitition used to signal the end of a section by let loose its beginning. It is frequent in digressions, including similes and also in speeches. Ranges from simple examples 1. 252-69 where begins with If only he were to come now the man he was when I first saw him if only Odysseus, the man he was then, could meet these suitors .More complex examples include the beginning of the wanderings being signalled by a TWO DAY tempest and ending with a twain day storm8 in between enclosing two sequences of five episodes each on all sid e of the underworld . Probably through oral tradition allows easilt memeorable as a pattern to stick to. Oral tadition Homer must omit much that a literate poet might think necessary and that he employs certain devices to make his narrative easy to follow. Homer has a basic consideration for hearers great figure out on narrative technique.The rhapsodes success is judged by the course of recitation thus to begin with want to keep hold of readers assistance . Homer wants to coax the listener into a state of relaxed receptivity thus demonstrable directness, simplicity and fullness in its narrative and has a dramatic manner of incidents. This characterizes dialogue and whole structures of Odysseus and Illiad. The skill as a story teller comes through Odyyseeys victimization mid book not the result of the story his eluding charm etc.Homer concern with hearer eveident in his tendency to repeat incidents, motifs and themes and in part for stock phrases, this all protects the rhapsode from slowing down and assists a listeners memory without effort of their part. Milmann comeback that inattention was the normal compliment remunerative by an audience to a recurrent epithet9 . Depite vagueness Homeric narrative provides the most elaborate and convincing representations of individual psychology to be found in classical literature