Comparison of Flood Stories Essays -- essays papers

Comparison of Flood Stories There have been numerous flood stories identified from ancient sources throughout the world. The Bible and the Koran both have flood stories that are similar but also share differences. The Epic of Gilgamesh also has a flood myth that is contrary to other flood accounts. Even though these stories are all dissimilar they all start because of the faults of man. The notion of the flood comes from a varied source in each story. In the Koran it was Noah who asked God to flood the Earth because of man’s sins while in the Bible, God called down upon Noah and told him of the plan to flood the Earth and destroy all that was upon it because of man’s wickedness. In Gilgamesh the flood comes to Utnapishtim in a dream. Utnapishtim is told that the world will be destroyed because of man’s sins. The actual boats contrasted each other in the tales. In Gilgamesh the arc was around six stories high and was of a square shape. The arc in the Bible was only around three stories high and of a rectangular shape. The Koran does not tell much about the boat but it do...

The Old Man & the Boy Relationship

The Old Man and the Sea is a heroic tale of man? s strength pitted against forces he cannot control. It is a tale about an old Cuban fisherman and his three-day battle with a giant Marlin. Through the use of three prominent themes; friendship, bravery, and Christianity; the Old Man and the Sea strives to teach important life lessons to the reader. The relationship between the old man and the boy is introduced early in the story. They are unlikely companions; one is old and the other young, yet they share an insuperable amount of respect and loyalty for each other. Santiago does not treat Manolin as a young boy but rather as an equal. Age is not a factor in their relationship. Manolin does not even act as a young boy; he is mature and sensitive to Santiago? s feelings. He even offers to go against his parent? s wishes and accompany Santiago on his fishing trips. Santiago is viewed as an outcast in his village because he has not caught any fish for more than eighty-four days and is therefore unlucky. Nonetheless Manolin is loyal to Santiago and even when his parents forbid him he wants to help his friend. Their conversations are comfortable, like that of two friends who have known each other for their whole lives. When they speak it is usually about baseball or fishing, the two things they have most in common. Their favorite team is the Yankees and Santiago never loses faith in them even when the star player, Joe DiMaggio is injured with a heel spur. In this way Santiago not only teaches Manolin about fishing but also about important characteristics such as faith.

Police Enforcement And The Police Department Essay

Policing the Police Abstract There are thousands and thousands of law enforcement agencies in the United States and most of these agencies are local, small to medium sized agencies. These agencies are tasked to do the dirty work outside of the larger cities and can be relied on heavily by people for the public safety being sought out. Every agency is different about how they go about handling these allegations regarding police conduct, corruption and the complaints from citizens. Unfortunately, there is no consistency between all the agencies which is sad. The agency I am writing this paper on is Inglis Police Department, a police department that was small agency and are no longer in existence as of 2012. The department is no longer in existence because the city needed funds for other matters and decided to grant Levy County the option to patrol the area. Throughout this paper I will be outlining the process of how complaints are processed and investigated when they are sent into the department, also touching on the police conduct and corruption that can take place within the department and what can be improved moving forward to better serve the citizens of the area. Keywords: Conduct, Complaints, Corruption Introduction Before we dive into the good stuff, I would like to define some terms that I will be touching base on throughout my paper, one of those terms being a complaint. A complaint is any formal document that lays out the facts and logical reasons thatShow MoreRelatedPolice Department And The Law Enforcement2143 Words   |  9 PagesThe police department and the law enforcement sector as a whole has been thought of having myriad challenges with regards to situations of the breaking of law. This is mainly because an officer is not always aware of what type of situation he/ she is going to encounter next in the course of maintaining law and order which is their basic mandate; having said that, it is an all too familiar situation to the law enforcement officers that any particular situation is entirely different from another. WithRead MorePolice Enforcement And The Security Of The Virtual City Police Department1280 Words   |  6 Pagesrelates to the interests of the Virtual City Police Department. Advances in technology has changed police work, officers are incorporating technology and sophisticated investigative techniques to solve crimes. This essay will focus on the pros and cons of community policing in a modern society, where police officers must rely more on technology and forensics than citizens to solve crimes and apprehend criminals. Introduction Police have been linked to citizens since theRead MoreThe Law Enforcement Of Public Police Department Essay2335 Words   |  10 Pagesfollowing are all mottos from various departments throughout Wisconsin: â€Å"Honor, Integrity, Service† – University of Wisconsin-Whitewater Police Department â€Å"Pride in Policing† – Lake Mills Police Department â€Å"To Protect and Serve† – Jefferson Police Department â€Å"Protecting our Community† – Whitewater Police Department â€Å"Making a Difference† – Middleton Police Department With such statements of promise and commitment, that are generalizable to other police departments throughout the United States, whyRead MoreSafety Enforcement By Police And The Fire Department Essay929 Words   |  4 Pageshappen to glance at your phone and see a notification from your news source reporting a wildfire outbreak about 50 miles away. In this case, all you can do is remain updated as to what is happening, and be vigilant to obey safety enforcement by police and the fire department. That is the normal apex of an individual s social responsibility in such a circumstance. On the other hand, professional privilege has a significant role in this, especially in the context of public relations. It is the expectationRead MorePolice Enforcement : The City Of Green Gate Police Department Essay2408 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Statement of Problem After many†¯high-profile†¯police killings, the city of Green Gate Police Department is interested in the perceptions of its citizens in regards to officer involved shootings. In particular, the police department is specifically interested in the problems related to the use of lethal force for future training of police officers. The Purpose of the Study Many police departments are in the midst of examining the use of lethal force in regards to the perceptionRead MoreConover Police Department And Accreditation For Law Enforcement1753 Words   |  8 PagesConover Police Department is devised of 27 full time Officers, three part time officers and two non-sworn positions; one as the administrative assistance and one as the code enforcement officer. Conover is a city in Catawba County, North Carolina. The population was 8,165 in the 2010 census, with an estimated population of 8,236 in 2013, making Conover the fastest growing City in the Hickory Metro Area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the City of Conover has a total area of 10.845 squareRead MorePolice Enforcement Work And Its Effects On The Members Of Its Department Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Police Officers work is never routine. The diverse work load for officers range for long periods of tediousness too adrenaline-driven, life threatening activities. Decisions stand within each context of work effectiveness. While using discretion, officers entrusted to manage criminal episodes while simultaneously protecting basic citizen liberties. Outlooks for police officers to be all things to all people are mythical and debatably less burdensome compared to other professions.Read MoreThe Fayetteville Police Department Commission On Accreditation For Law Enforcement Agencies Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fayetteville Police Department received State Certification in 1998 and received certification with The Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (C.A.L.E.A.) on March 23, 2002 (__). The purpose of state certification, is to help law enforcement agencies calculate and improve their performance. The Fayetteville Police Department received certification from the Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police (GPAC). Agency certification of the GACP, is a program that identifies a set ofRead MoreThe University Police Department : An Highest Level Of Professional Law Enforcement1428 Words   |  6 PagesIt is the mission of University Police that all members of the University Police Department are committed to pr oviding the highest level of professional law enforcement services to all within the university community, regardless of race, creed, national origin, or sexual orientation (UPD, n.d.). â€Å"We are evidence based, and data/records do not suggest a need for change,† (Lieutenant, personal communication, October 17, 2014). Kezar wrote that she hoped leaders will instead choose changes and initiativesRead MorePolice Brutality And The Law Enforcement846 Words   |  4 Pagesdemonstrating the brutality of law enforcement has been becoming more frequent over the past couple of years. When you hear about these cases of police brutality, how often is it that law enforcement officials are punished for the crime they have perpetrated? Most of the time the law enforcement officials, who are very well in the wrong do not get any kind of punishment whatsoever for the crimes that they have committed and it all comes back to the power that they have. Police brutality cases have been on

The Political Issue Of Immigration - 2073 Words

Immigration or Deportation The United States’ Immigration Reform David Morales Hillsborough Community College Intro to Political Science Dr. Prifti July 31st, 2016 Abstract This research paper explores the political issue of Immigration in the present day (2016) United States. The paper is meant to give an understanding of the issue, the importance of immigration reform, as well as a thorough analysis of the role the three branches of The United States Government: Judicial, Legislative, and Executive; and their role in the matter. By using several different peer reviewed journals, and articles the paper will give a well analysed view on the situation of reform currently in America by touching on the case of DAPA and DACA plans proposed by President Obama. The essay will also cover the positions of presidential candidates Hillary Clinton and Donald J. Trump to show a future America could be heading towards. Immigration or Deportation The United States’ Role in Immigration Reform Every year, around one million people are immigrating into the United States both legally and illegally. As of now nearly 40 million immigrants live in the United States; 11.5 million of which came to the country illegally (CNN). That is nearly thirteen percent of the total United States population. The role the United States government plays in the handling of immigration from foreign countries both legal and illegal, plays a vital role in the security of the people of the United States andShow MoreRelatedMedia Reaction Of Political Issues On Immigration1334 Words   |  6 Pages Media Reaction to Political Issues on Immigration Marvin Cornejo Instructor: Eddie Trevizo 6:00 pm to 10:00 pm Introduction Political issues relating to immigration have long been a concern since migrating into the United States became so called â€Å"illegal† in the late 1880s. 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M., Ph.D. Coppin State University 1/00/2016 The Immigration’s Political Policies have gone through great political changes since the turn of the 20th century for many countries. The legal and moral issues within these countries like Syria, Mexico, Germany, Ireland and other countries concerning immigration have been debated and continue to be debated through the political viewsRead MoreMadie Majcher. Mrs.Shandera, Mr.Hill. English Pd.8 History1118 Words   |  5 Pagesliving, immigration is actually the cause of political disagreements, economic issues, social changes and diversity, and even thousands of deaths. An article called â€Å"U.S. Immigration Before 1965† stated that the first colossal rush of United States immigration began during the colonial era, the initial component of the 19th century, which are between the late 1800s and the early 1900s. 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This topic has also received huge media attention and reaction in the recent past including an article written by William Finnegan and published by The New Yorker. The article focuses on addressing the issue of borderlines and is based on the move by 17 Congress membersRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1481 Words   |  6 PagesPurpose Statement Illegal immigration can cause substantial tension on the current economic configuration in a country. However, it can also, assist the said configurations by providing cheap and effective manpower at the same time. Contemporary study on political opinions concerning immigration frequently pits points of view highlighting economic self-interest versus cultural or ideological rationalization. They (studies) are also based on the particular immigration policy at hand at the time,Read MoreHow The Rising Swedish Democratic Party Is An Acceptable Balance Between Socialism And Western Democracy?1659 Words   |  7 Pagesin crime. 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During this year, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act and the Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments.Read MoreCause/Effect of immigration reform971 Words   |  4 Pagesto mind when you think of immigration? What is the United States’ current Immigration Policy? Would you even think that it is considered to be one of the most debatable topics today? Nowadays, many people decide to immigrate to have a better life for themselves and their families. Immigration reform, as it has been called, had been tried during the past years by our very own Congress. Obviously, administrations efforts failed because, currently, illegal immigration is still a platform. Why would

Comprehensive Preparation For A Complete Life - 1068 Words

Comprehensive Preparation for a Complete Life Teen pregnancy has been a serious social issue for quite a while. Often, a teen pregnancy is detrimental for both the teen and the child involved. Both a teen mother and her child are more susceptible to complications during the pregnancy and birth than and adult mother and her child. Unfortunately, a teen mother and her infant are also less likely to pursue and receive healthcare to alleviate these health risks (Teen Pregnancy). Moreover, â€Å"teen pregnancy is often cited as a factor that perpetuates the cycle of poverty, since teen mothers are likely to be poor in the first place, and their children are likely to grow up to be poor† (Teen Pregnancy). While there is no argument that teens should be educated to prevent teen pregnancy, there is a debate on how it should be done. Currently, there are two forms of education focused on reducing teen pregnancies: abstinence-only education and comprehensive sex education with birth control. However, sex education and birth control are clearly the superior option, due to its effectiveness and the futility of abstinence-only education. Comprehensive sex education with an emphasis on birth control is a much more effective educational tool to prevent teen pregnancy than abstinence-only education. Fortunately, teen pregnancy rates have fallen dramatically in the past 20 years. â€Å"In 2002, the rate of pregnancy was 75.4 for every 1,000 women between the ages of 15 and 19, from 116.9 in 1990 (TeenShow MoreRelatedIncident Response Plan For Sunshine Machine Work1140 Words   |  5 Pagescompromise information resources and assets† (Whitman, 2006, pg. 92). The institution of such a plan will hopefully reduce down time should any incidents occur. â€Æ' Incident Response Plan for Sunshine Machine Work A good incident response plan is both comprehensive and yet easy to follow. The Incident Response Plan is a set of procedures that are followed when an incident is detected. For any response, the response must be planned and coordinated for the quick and efficient containment and resolution ofRead MoreBl Company Case Analysis700 Words   |  3 Pagesto its performance of services. All services and deliverables provided by the consultant must conform with applicable laws, regulations, standards and requirements on the federal, state and local levels. Additionally, consultants are expected to complete any direct and/or indirect responsibilities that may be associated with an assigned task so that the goals of the City will be accomplished. 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Regression Analysis Free Essays

Quantitative Methods Project Regression Analysis for the pricing of players in the Indian Premier League Executive Summary The selling price of players at IPL auction is affected by more than one factor. Most of these factors affect each other and still others impact the selling price only indirectly. The challenge of performing a multiple regression analysis on more than 25 independent variables where a clear relationship cannot be obtained is to form the regression model as carefully as possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Regression Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Of the various factors available we have leveraged SPSS software for running our regression analysis. One of the reasons for preferring SPSS over others was the ease with which we can eliminate extraneous independent variables. The two methodologies used for choosing the best model in this project are: * Forward Model Building: Independent variables in order of their significance are incrementally added to the model till we achieve the optimum model. * Backward Elimination: The complete set of independent variables is regressed and the least significant predictors are eliminated in order to arrive at the optimum model. Our analysis has shown that the following variables are the most significant predictors of the selling price: COUNTRY : whether the player is of Indian origin or not AGE_1 : whether the player is below 25 years or not T_RUNS : total number of test runs scored by the player ODI_RUNS : total number of runs scored in ODI matches ODI_WICKET : total number of wickets taken by the player RUNS_S : total number of runs scored by the player BASE_PRICE : the base price of the player set in IPL Using the calculated coefficients the regression model equation can be stated as below: SOLD PRICE = -13366. 247 + 219850. 349(COUNTRY) + 204492. 531(AGE_1) -59. 957 (T_RUNS) + 53. 878 (ODI_RUNS) + 491. 636 (ODI_WICKET) + 194. 445(RUNS_S )+ 1. 442(BASE_PRICE) Analysis of Results * Following is a snapshot of the estimated best regression model ( explained in depth as part of answer to Q no 1) Model Summary| Model| R| R Square| Adjusted R Square| Std. Error of the Estimate| 1| . 772a| . 597| . 573| 265690. 463| a. Predictors: (Constant), BASE_PRICE, AGE_1, RUNS_S, ODI_WICKET, COUNTRY, T_RUNS, ODI_RUNS| From the regression model we have estimated BASE_PRICE is found to be the highest impact predictor. This implies that more than anything else the benchmark base price of a player is the single strongest determinant of the selling price of the player. * The analysis shows that T_RUNS, i. e. amount of runs scored in test matches negatively impacts the selling price of the player. It is sur prising though not unexpected to find that superior performance by a batsman in test matches reduces his worth in IPL auctions. The positive correlation between AGE_1 and selling price indicates that the younger a player the higher is his expected compensation. * Players from India are expected to command much higher bids than their foreign counterparts, as evidenced by the positive coefficient of COUNTRY. * Another observation is that the total amount of runs scored by a player positively impacts his selling price. * The R Square value of the model comes out to be 0. 597 (and the adjusted R Square value is 0. 573). This small value of R Square indicates that our regression model has limitations. The standard error of the estimate is found to be large and equal to 265690. 463. Q3 What is the impact of ability to score â€Å"SIXERS† on the player’s price? In order to analyze the impact of the variable â€Å"SIXERS†, we add it in the regression model and then we o bserve that the probability of T statistics for SIXERS is 0. 862 and the value of RUNS_S is 0. 0504 which makes it in the rejection region. So this means that the impact of this variable has already been covered in the RUNS_S variable and hence adding this variable for regression is not a good idea. Model Summary| Model| R| R Square| Adjusted R Square| Std. Error of the Estimate| 1| . 772a| . 597| . 570| 266752. 420| a. Predictors: (Constant), SIXERS, AGE_1, ODI_WICKET, BASE_PRICE, COUNTRY, T_RUNS, RUNS_S, ODI_RUNS| ANOVAb| Model| Sum of Squares| df| Mean Square| F| Sig. | 1| Regression| 1. 274E13| 8| 1. 592E12| 22. 378| . 000a| | Residual| 8. 610E12| 121| 7. 116E10| | | | Total| 2. 135E13| 129| | | | a. Predictors: (Constant), SIXERS, AGE_1, ODI_WICKET, BASE_PRICE, COUNTRY, T_RUNS, RUNS_S, ODI_RUNS| b. Dependent Variable: SOLD_PRICE| | | | Coefficientsa| Model| Unstandardized Coefficients| Standardized Coefficients| t| Sig. | 95% Confidence Interval for B| | B| Std. Error| Beta| | | Lower Bound| Upper Bound| 1| (Constant)| -13757. 183| 49696. 116| | -. 277| . 782| -112143. 752| 84629. 386| | COUNTRY| 221562. 322| 54461. 595| . 269| 4. 068| . 000| 113741. 230| 329383. 414| | AGE_1| 203637. 395| 77003. 067| . 165| 2. 645| . 009| 51189. 514| 356085. 275| | T_RUNS| -58. 977| 17. 455| -. 479| -3. 379| . 001| -93. 533| -24. 421| | ODI_RUNS| 53. 455| 16. 302| . 471| 3. 79| . 001| 21. 182| 85. 728| | ODI_WICKET| 490. 322| 227. 281| . 134| 2. 157| . 033| 40. 358| 940. 286| | RUNS_S| 180. 730| 92. 993| . 273| 1. 943| . 054| -3. 373| 364. 834| | BASE_PRICE| 1. 437| . 177| . 541| 8. 112| . 000| 1. 087| 1. 788| | SIXERS| 379. 400| 2170. 467| . 022| . 175| . 862| -3917. 611| 4676. 411| a. Dependent Variable: SOLD_PRICE| | | | | | Q 4 What is the impact of the predictors’ batting strike rate and bowling strike rate on pricing? Identify the predictor that has the highest impact on the price of players. In order to analyze the impact of the predictors’ batting strike rate and bowling strike rate on pricing , we first added only these two independent variables in the regression model and observed that the R Square value comes out to be too low . 051. Hence there is no regression relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable ‘SOLD PRICE’. Model Summary| Model| R| R Square| Adjusted R Square| Std. Error of the Estimate| 1| . 226a| . 051| . 036| 399371. 359| a. Predictors: (Constant), SR_BL, SR_B| | ANOVAb| Model| Sum of Squares| df| Mean Square| F| Sig. | 1| Regression| 1. 092E12| 2| 5. 462E11| 3. 424| . 036a| | Residual| 2. 026E13| 127| 1. 595E11| | | | Total| 2. 135E13| 129| | | | a. Predictors: (Constant), SR_BL, SR_B| | | | b. Dependent Variable: SOLD_PRICE| | | | Coefficientsa| Model| Unstandardized Coefficients| Standardized Coefficients| t| Sig. | 95% Confidence Interval for B| | B| Std. Error| Beta| | | Lower Bound| Upper Bound| 1| (Constant)| 217351. 463| 123693. 460| | 1. 757| . 081| -27415. 572| 462118. 497| | SR_B| 2188. 101| 980. 961| . 93| 2. 231| . 027| 246. 955| 4129. 246| | SR_BL| 3502. 089| 2307. 595| . 131| 1. 518| . 132| -1064. 224| 8068. 402| a. Dependent Variable: SOLD_PRICE| | | | | | Now we added the two independent variables of batting strike rate and bowling strike rate along with the previous list of independent variables in the regression model and observed that the probability of t statistic for the two independent variables of batting strike rate and bowli ng strike rate is found to be . 958 and . 935 respectively which means it falls in the rejection region. Hence we can conclude that these two variables do not have any regression relationship with the independent variable. Model Summary| Model| R| R Square| Adjusted R Square| Std. Error of the Estimate| 1| . 772a| . 597| . 566| 267884. 659| a. Predictors: (Constant), BASE_PRICE, SR_BL, SR_B, COUNTRY, ODI_WICKET, AGE_1, ODI_RUNS, RUNS_S, T_RUNS| ANOVAb| Model| Sum of Squares| df| Mean Square| F| Sig. | 1| Regression| 1. 274E13| 9| 1. 415E12| 19. 721| . 000a| | Residual| 8. 611E12| 120| 7. 176E10| | | | Total| 2. 135E13| 129| | | | a. Predictors: (Constant), BASE_PRICE, SR_BL, SR_B, COUNTRY, ODI_WICKET, AGE_1, ODI_RUNS, RUNS_S, T_RUNS| b. Dependent Variable: SOLD_PRICE| | | | Coefficientsa| Model| Unstandardized Coefficients| Standardized Coefficients| t| Sig. | 95% Confidence Interval for B| | B| Std. Error| Beta| | | Lower Bound| Upper Bound| 1| (Constant)| -15451. 294| 92855. 275| | -. 166| . 868| -199298. 275| 168395. 688| | SR_B| 38. 111| 729. 828| . 003| . 052| . 958| -1406. 897| 1483. 119| | SR_BL| -149. 541| 1819. 943| -. 006| -. 082| . 935| -3752. 901| 3453. 819| | AGE_1| 207089. 34| 81757. 329| . 168| 2. 533| . 013| 45215. 512| 368963. 155| | COUNTRY| 220464. 530| 54256. 883| . 267| 4. 063| . 000| 113039. 678| 327889. 382| | T_RUNS| -60. 151| 17. 118| -. 489| -3. 514| . 001| -94. 044| -26. 258| | ODI_RUNS| 53. 932| 16. 258| . 475| 3. 317| . 001| 21. 742| 86. 122| | ODI_WICKET| 497. 937| 240. 782| . 136| 2. 068| . 041| 21. 206| 974. 668| | RUNS_S| 193. 412| 53. 528| . 293| 3. 613| . 000| 87. 430| 299. 393 | | BASE_PRICE| 1. 443| . 178| . 543| 8. 101| . 000| 1. 090| 1. 795| a. Dependent Variable: SOLD_PRICE| | | | | | Referring to the regression model data outcome as given in Q1 we can see that the Standardized coefficient value for the BASE_PRICE is the highest which is . 543 and hence we can conclude that the BASE_PRICE is the predictor which has the highest impact on the price of players. Q 8 How much should Mumbai Indians offer Sachin Tendulkar if they would like to retain him? Is the model sufficient to predict the price of Icon players? SOLD PRICE = -13366. 247 + 219850. 349(COUNTRY) + 204492. 531(AGE_1) -59. 957 (T_RUNS) + 53. 878 (ODI_RUNS) + 491. 636 (ODI_WICKET) How to cite Regression Analysis, Essay examples Regression Analysis Free Essays REGRESSION ANALYSIS Correlation only indicates the degree and direction of relationship between two variables. It does not, necessarily connote a cause-effect relationship. Even when there are grounds to believe the causal relationship exits, correlation does not tell us which variable is the cause and which, the effect. We will write a custom essay sample on Regression Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, the demand for a commodity and its price will generally be found to be correlated, but the question whether demand depends on price or vice-versa; will not be answered by correlation. The dictionary meaning of the ‘regression’ is the act of the returning or going back. The term ‘regression’ was first used by Francis Galton in 1877 while studying the relationship between the heights of fathers and sons. â€Å"Regression is the measure of the average relationship between two or more variables in terms of the original units of data. † The line of regression is the line, which gives the best estimate to the values of one variable for any specific values of other variables. For two variables on regression analysis, there are two regression lines. One line as the regression of x on y and other is for regression of y on x. These two regression line show the average relationship between the two variables. The regression line of y on x gives the most probable value of y for given value of x and the regression line of x and y gives the most probable values of x for the given value of y. For perfect correlation, positive or negative i. e. for r=  ±, the two lines coincide i. e. we will find only one straight line. If r=0, i. e. both the variance are independent then the two lines will cut each other at a right angle. In this case the two lines will be  ¦to x and y axis. The Graph is given below:- We restrict our discussion to linear relationships only that is the equations to be considered are 1- y=a+bx – x=a+by In equation first x is called the independent variable and y the dependent variable. Conditional on the x value, the equations gives the variation of y. In other words ,it means that corresponding to each value of x ,there is whole conditional probability distribution of y. Similar discussion holds for the equation second, where y acts as independent variable and x as dependent variable. What purpose does regression line serve? 1- The first object is to estimate the dependent variable from known values of independent variable. This is possible from regression line. – The next objective is to obtain a measure of the error involved in using regression line for estimation. 3- With the help of regression coefficients we can calculate the correlation coefficient. The square of correlation coefficient (r), is called coefficient of determination, measure the degree of association of correlation that exits between two variables. What is the difference between correlation and linear regression? Correlation and linear regression are not the same. Consider these differences: †¢ Correlation quantifies the degree to which two variables are related. Correlation does not find  a best-fit line (that is regression). You simply are computing a correlation coefficient (r) that tells you how much one variable tends to change when the other one does. †¢ With correlation you don’t have to think about cause and effect. You simply quantify how well two variables relate to each other. With regression, you do have to think about cause and effect as the regression line is determined as the best way to predict Y from X. †¢ With correlation,  it doesn’t matter which of the two variables you call â€Å"X† and which you call â€Å"Y†. You’ll get the same correlation coefficient if you swap the two. With linear regression, the decision of which variable you call â€Å"X† and which you call â€Å"Y† matters a lot, as you’ll get a different best-fit line if you swap the two. The line that best predicts Y from X is not the same as the line that predicts X from Y. †¢ Correlation is almost always used when you measure both variables. It rarely is appropriate when one variable is something you experimentally manipulate. With linear regression, the X variable is often something you experimental manipulate (time, concentration†¦ and the Y variable is something you measure. Regression analysis is widely used for  prediction  (including  forecasting  of  time-series  data). Use of regression analysis for prediction has substantial overlap with the field of  machine learning. Regression analysis is also used to understand which among the independent variables are related to the dependent variable, and to explore the forms of these relationships. In restricted circumstances, regression analysis can be used to infer  causal relationships  between the independent and dependent variables. A large body of techniques for carrying out regression analysis has been developed. Familiar methods such as  linear regression  and  ordinary least squares  regression are  parametric, in that the regression function is defined in terms of a finite number of unknown  parameters  that are estimated from the  data. Nonparametric regression  refers to techniques that allow the regression function to lie in a specified set of  functions, which may beinfinite-dimensional. The performance of regression analysis methods in practice depends on the form of the data-generating process, and how it relates to the regression approach being used. Since the true form of the data-generating process is not known, regression analysis depends to some extent on making assumptions about this process. These assumptions are sometimes (but not always) testable if a large amount of data is available. Regression models for prediction are often useful even when the assumptions are moderately violated, although they may not perform optimally. However when carrying out  inference  using regression models, especially involving small  effects  or questions of  causality  based on  observational data, regression methods must be used cautiously as they can easily give misleading results. Underlying assumptions Classical assumptions for regression analysis include: ? The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction. ? The error is assumed to be a  random variable  with a mean of zero conditional on the explanatory variables. ? The variables are error-free. If this is not so, modeling may be done using  errors-in-variables model  techniques. ? The predictors must be  linearly independent, i. e. it must not be possible to express any predictor as a linear combination of the others. SeeMulticollinearity. The errors are  uncorrelated, that is, the  variance-covariance matrix  of the errors is  diagonal  and each non-zero element is the variance of the error. ? The variance of the error is constant across observations (homoscedasticity). If not,  weighted least squares  or other methods might be used. These are sufficient (but not all necessary) conditions for the least-squares estimator to possess desirable propertie s, in particular, these assumptions imply that the parameter estimates will be  unbiased,  consistent, and  efficient  in the class of linear unbiased estimators. Many of these assumptions may be relaxed in more advanced treatments. Basic Formula of Regression Analysis:- X=a+by (Regression line x on y) Y=a+bx (Regression line y on x) 1st – Regression equation of x on y:- 2nd – Regression equation of y on x:- Regression Coefficient:- Case 1st – when x on y means regression coefficient is ‘bxy’ Case 2nd – when y on x means regression coefficient is ‘byx’ Least Square Estimation:- The main object of constructing statistical relationship is to predict or explain the effects on one dependent variable resulting from changes in one or more explanatory variables. Under the least square criteria, the line of best fit is said to be that which minimizes the sum of the squared residuals between the points of the graph and the points of straight line. The least squares method is the most widely used procedure for developing estimates of the model parameters. The graph of the estimated regression equation for simple linear regression is a straight line approximation to the relationship between y and x. When regression equations obtained directly that is without taking deviation from actual or assumed mean then the two Normal equations are to be solved simultaneously as follows; For Regression Equation of x on y i. e. x=a+by The two Normal Equations are:- For Regression Equation of y on x i. e. y=a+bx The two Normal Equations are:- Remarks:- 1- It may be noted that both the regression coefficient ( x on y means bxy and y on x means byx ) cannot exceed 1. 2- Both the regression coefficient shall either be positive + or negative -. 3- Correlation coefficient (r) will have same sign as that of regression coefficient. How to cite Regression Analysis, Papers

Financial Accounting for Business Finance Basics - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Accounting for Business Finance Basics. Answer: While evaluating the holdings of an investment company, we would first see if the heads under which the holdings have been classified. We need to check the proportion of investments made in different type of securities (Girard, 2014). We need to analyse the risk return liquidity tax benefits etc in order to evaluate the investments of an investment company. The holdings will help us calculate the fixed income for the company. We need to evaluate the portfolio of the company and compare the risks with the return. The adjustments made in the value of investment at the yearend will help us know the profits and loss due to fluctuations. Therefore, the classification of the holdings will be relevant in understanding the financials of the investment company. As per the relevant conceptual framework, the revenues earned by the company in the ordinary course of business are to be classified as revenue from operations and the income earned from any other sources is to be classified as other income. In the current scenario we have an investment company (Ittelson, 2009). The primary activity of the company is investing in various securities and earning from them. The revenues include appreciation and income from the investments made. This income is to be classified as revenue from operations, since the primary objective of the company is to earn income from investments. Also, the principles of revenue recognition should be adopted by the company. The interest income should be recognised based on accrual concept of accounting (Lerner, 2009). The dividends received should be accounted for only when the rights to receive dividends have been established. All these incomes in different formats would be recorded under revenue from operations. The IAS 1 lays down the basic requirement of how the financial statements should be presented. They define the principles which should be followed by the enterprise in preparing the financial statements (Loughran, 2010). It is the duty of all the organisations to comply by the accounting standards in preparation of the financial statements. In case the company fails to abide by this, they must mention the fact of non compliance and the reason for the same. They should quantify the affect of such non compliance and mention them in the note to accounts. (Piper, 2015) In the given case we see that in order to abide by the corporation act, the company has failed to disclose the Impairment loss of $80000, as it is temporary. As per the standard on impairment, any impairment should be recognised and when the circumstances change the impairment loss can be reversed. Since the company has failed to report this impairment loss due to statutory regulations, it should mention such fact in the notes to accounts mentioning the loss of $80000 and that it is temporary in nature. Accounting estimates As per the relevant accounting standards whenever there is change in an accounting policy or an accounting estimate, details of such change should be mentioned in the notes to accounts (McLaney Adril, 2016). The reporting entity should mention the change, reason for such change and quantify such change in the reports. Any change in policy can be made if required by law, statute or for better presentation of financial statements. In the given scenario the directors are of the view that the profits and losses from cash flow hedges should be recognised in the profit and loss statement and should be capitalised. This would result in better presentation of the financial statements. Therefore, the directors can do so mentioning such fact in the notes to accounts. They should write a note specifying the reason and effect of such change on the profits of the company. References: Girard, S. L. (2014). Business finance basics. Pompton Plains, NJ: Career Press.Ittelson, T. (2009). Financial Statements: A Step-by-Step Guide to Understanding and Creating Financial Reports. Franklin Lakes, N.J.: Career Press.Lerner, J. J. (2009). Schaum's outline of principles of accounting. New York: Schaum.Loughran, M. (2010). Auditing For Dummies? Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.McLaney, E., Adril, D. P. (2016). Accounting and Finance: An Introduction. United Kingdom: Pearson.Piper, M. (2015). Accounting made simple. United States: CreateSpace Pub.